Bystanders, Collaborators, Resisters

Isolation (1933-1939)
--Boycott of Jewish stores (1933)
--Nuremburg Laws (1935-1938)
--Kristallnacht (1938)

Terror and removal of leadership

Political
	Terror and concentration camps (1933)
	Outlawing other political parties (1933)
Religious
	Protestant (54%)
	Reichskirche (State Church)
	--Sports Palace Declaration, 1933
	--De-Judaizing Christianity project
	Bekennende kirche (Confessing Church)
	–Arrest of nearly 2000 pastors, 1935-37
	–Demand of loyalty oaths to Hitler
	--Karl Barth, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Martin Niemoller
	–Barmen Declaration, 1934
	Catholic (46%)
	–Papal concordat with Hitler
	"Mit Brennende Sorge", 1937
	Hochmuth, The Deputy, about Pius XII

Knowledge vs. secrecy
Eastern atrocities
Bueaucracy assumes large numbers of people (handout)
"The Blood Kit"

Possible avenues of action
1) Passive non-compliance (low personal risk)
2) Active resistance against Nazi regime (high personal risk)
Left
–Red Union Opposition (RUO) based in Hamburg
–Red Orchestra (Die Rote Kapelle) – 1942
Middle
–The White Rose
Right
–Attempted assassination of Hitler – July 20, 1944
3) Rescue